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Programs that offer opportunities for non-English-speaking and limited-English-speaking adults to learn listening, speaking, reading and writing skills with an emphasis on developing the level of communication competence that is essential for adults who are living in a setting in which English is the primary language. Also included are programs that provide English language instruction for younger people.

Programs that focus on development of proficiency in reading, writing and speaking a language or languages other than the mother tongue, that are needed to perform day-to-day tasks. Instruction in the use of basic communication skills is generally included.

Programs that provide courses for students whose first language is other than English that are designed to develop speaking, listening, reading, writing and grammar skills while working with the vocabulary of business, tourism or health care. VESL classes are offered by job training agencies, Regional Occupational Programs, skills centers and some adult education programs; and help participants improve their oral communication on the job, memo and letter writing skills, telephone skills, and their ability to read and understand trade manuals, parts manuals and job-related forms. Classes may focus on a particular industry or may be general providing a work-oriented vocabulary.