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Programs that specialize in providing therapeutic interventions that are based on the principle that most disorders are learned ways of behaving that are maladaptive and consequently can be best modified in more adaptive directions through relearning. Treatment focuses directly on modifying the individual's troublesome behaviors without reference to introspection, mental processes and contents, or analysis of the origins of the problem.

Programs that specialize in providing therapeutic interventions that treat thoughts and cognitions as behaviors which are amenable to behavioral procedures.

Programs that offer a form of therapy developed by Marsha M. Linehan that is designed especially for people with boarderline personality disorder (BPD) who are involved in self-cutting or other forms of self-mutilitation, have attempted suicide or have suicidal thoughts or exhibit other behaviors related to self-injury. Treatment involves individual therapy, a skills group, telephone contact and therapist consultation. The group skills training has four modules: core mindfulness skills, interpersonal effectiveness skills, emotion regulation skills and distress tolerance skills. The focus of the group sessions is on learning and practicing adaptive skills that are particularly relevant to the problems experienced by people with BPD. While originally developed for this population, dialectical behavior therapy has been used with people who have other types of emotional disorders.

Programs that specialize in providing therapeutic interventions which focus on helping people relate to and resolve their problems and concerns in the context of their religious/spiritual beliefs. Services are typically provided by ministers, rabbis, priests, imams or lay representatives of a religious tradition who integrate modern psychological thought and methods with traditional religious training. Included are pastoral counseling programs which are offered in a variety of settings including pastoral counseling centers, inpatient and outpatient mental health facilities and in private practice; chaplaincy services where non-denominational clerics are attached to a secular institution such as a hospital, prison, military unit, school, business, police department, fire department, university or private chapel; and other religious counseling disciplines.

Programs that specialize in providing mental health treatment services for juvenile offenders that are based on an approach developed by the Family Services Research Center at the Medical University of South Carolina. MST programs target chronic, violent or substance abusing juvenile offenders; often serve as an alternative to residential treatment; and aim to improve caregiver discipline practices, enhance family affective relations, decrease youth association with deviant peers, increase youth association with pro-social peers, improve youth school or vocational performance, engage youth in pro-social recreational outlets, and develop an indigenous support network of extended family, neighbors, and friends to help caregivers achieve and maintain such changes. Specific treatment techniques include cognitive behavioral, behavioral, and pragmatic family therapies.

Programs that specialize in providing therapeutic interventions that are based on any of the psychological systems that explain behavior in terms of motivational forces at the unconscious level. Therapy focuses on the mental and emotional forces or processes, especially those experienced and developed in early childhood, and their effects on the individual's past and current behavior and mental states.