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Programs, usually offered by community adult schools or evening classes at local high schools, that provide instruction in fundamental learning skills for adults who have never attended school or have interrupted formal schooling and need to raise their level of education to increase their self-confidence and/or prepare for an occupation. Emphasis is placed on basic reading, language and mathematics.

Programs that provide educational services for students who have been suspended or expelled from school or have left school for other reasons prior to receiving a diploma; or which seek to prevent students of compulsory school age from skipping classes, being suspended or expelled for disruptive behavior, failing or maintaining a low grade point average, or dropping out of school.

Programs that provide opportunities for students to initiate courses of individual study which are usually directed or assisted by instructional staff and certificates or degrees may be awarded upon successful completion.

Programs that provide reading and writing instruction for individuals of all ages who are unable to read or write at a functional level. Some programs interpret literacy more broadly and also help people develop speaking, computation and problem solving skills with the objective of ensuring that they develop levels of proficiency they will need to become self sufficient and function well in society.

Programs that provide formal supplementary learning activities and experiences for school age children who travel with their families from one temporary residence to another to enable family members to secure temporary or seasonable employment.

Programs that foster understanding, acceptance, empathy, and constructive and harmonious relations among people of diverse cultures. Multicultural education encourages learners of all ages to view different cultures as a source of learning and enrichment, promoting cultural understanding and cultural accommodations. The outcome of multicultural education should be an increased knowledge about other cultures, pride in a student's own heritage, an appreciation of other ways of life, and improved cross-cultural social and communication skills.

Programs that are designed to develop specific cognitive skills, usually in the language arts and mathematics, from a deficient level to one that is appropriate to the educational level and aspirations of a particular student. Diagnostic testing to determine the nature and extent of the problem may also be included.

Programs, usually available within the regular high school curriculum, that provide opportunities for pregnant teens and teenage students who are parents to complete their high school education and receive diplomas. Classes which focus on child development, infant care, mother/infant nutrition and childbirth preparation are available in addition to the basic graduation requirements and academic electives. Students who are enrolled in the program may also receive nutritionally balanced meals (breakfast and lunch), prenatal care, family planning and counseling services.

Programs that provide opportunities for students in elementary schools, secondary schools, institutions of higher education or community service programs to learn and develop through active participation in thoughtfully organized services that are conducted to meet the needs of the communities in which they live. Service learning programs are integrated into and enhance the academic curriculum of students or the education components of the service program in which participants are enrolled; and may involve projects such as preserving native plants, designing neighborhood playgrounds, teaching younger children to read, testing local water quality, creating wheelchair ramps, preparing food for people who are homeless, developing urban community gardens and starting school recycling programs. Many service learning programs are funded by Learn and Serve which is administered by the Corporation for National and Community Service.

Programs that provide educational services including special placement and individualized programming, instruction and/or support services for exceptional children, youth and/or adults, including those who have hearing impairments, visual impairments, physical disabilities, learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities and/or other developmental disabilities, emotional disturbance, multiple disabilities or speech or language impairments and who need appropriately modified curricula, teaching methodologies and instructional materials in order to learn. Services may include the development, in partnership with the child's parents, of an individualized educational plan to meet the child's needs and the implementation and review at least annually of each child's plan to determine progress and future needs.

A program of instruction offered during the summer by a school, college or university which enables students to accelerate their progress toward a degree or diploma or to make up credits lost through absence or failure.

Secondary or postsecondary education programs available in regular or trade high schools or through separate vocational centers or programs that provide formal preparation for semiskilled, skilled, technical or professional occupations for high-school-aged students and, in some cases, adults who have opted to develop or expand their employment opportunities, often in lieu of preparing for college entry. Vocational education programs help participants prepare for full-time employment upon graduation, part-time employment while in school or for more advanced vocational training at the postsecondary level.